NECTA HISTORY PAST PAPER 2025 WITH ANSWERS

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA
CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION
2025

012 HISTORY
(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Instructions:
1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of eleven (11) questions.
2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and two (2) questions from section C.
3. Section A carries sixteen (16) marks, section B fifty four (54) marks and section C carries thirty (30) marks.
4. All writing must be in blue or black ink except drawing which must be in pencil.
5. Communication devices and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
6. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).
7. Time Allowed: 3 Hours

SECTION A (16 Marks)

1.

For each of the items (i) - (x), choose the correct answer from among the given alternatives and write its letter beside the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided.

(i) Many pre-colonial African societies handed down historical information by word of mouth from one generation to another. Which term befits such a source of historical information?

A. Archaeology B. Oral traditions C. Archives D. Museums E. Anthropology

(ii) The following are the importance of the discovery of fire to ancient human beings during the Middle Stone Age, except:

A. it helped human beings to scare away wild animals. B. it provided warmth to humans during cold seasons. C. it helped human beings to fell trees and clear the land. D. it enabled humans to make and use guns in wars. E. it enabled humans to roast food instead of eating it raw.

(iii) Which statement best classifies Hehe resistance of 1891-1898?

A. A direct military confrontation between the Hehe and the Portuguese B. A passive resistance of the Hehe against the British colonialists C. A direct military confrontation between the Hehe and the Germans D. A passive resistance of the Hehe against the French colonialists E. A direct military confrontation between the Hehe and the Arabs

(iv) The following were the major weakness of colonial education except:

A. It was based on race, religion and gender B. It was provided to few Africans C. It was examination-based D. It emphasized practical aspects E. It was given equally to children of all races

(v) The following were the features of colonial economy in Africa except:

A. it improved African local industries. B. it was export-import oriented. C. it was money-oriented. D. it involved land alienation. E. it was monoculture.

(vi) Which of the following was the feature of the first exploitative mode of production?

A. Collective ownership of the major means of production B. Presence of workers and owners of industries C. Presence of landlords and peasants D. Exploitation of the slaves by the slave masters E. Exploitation of peasants through rent payment

(vii) Why was the 1964 revolution important to the people of Zanzibar?

A. It removed the French from the political power B. It forced the closure of the biggest slave market C. It removed the Arab regime from power by force D. It facilitated the decline of nationalism E. It allowed the re-introduction of multi-party system

(viii) Why is the studying of the history subject very important to the students?

A. It encourages the students to store fossils in the archives B. It promotes intolerance C. It help them to underdevelop their societies D. It discourages them to appreciate the importance of multi-party system E. It helps them to understand their origins

(ix) Why Portugal considered her colonies as overseas provinces?

A. She wanted to give high status to the Africans B. She wanted them to remain sources of raw materials and markets C. She wanted to rule them through an open door policy D. She disliked challenges from other European powers E. She wanted them to adopt multiparty system

(x) Why did Buganda kingdom rise and expand during the pre-colonial period?

A. Because of good leadership of Kabaka B. Due to good leadership of Mansa Kankan Musa C. Because of the possession of a golden stool D. Due to the arrival of the Portuguese in the 15th century E. Because of good leadership of Omukama Kabarega

2.

Match the descriptions of agricultural systems in List A with the corresponding terms in List B by writing the letter of the correct response beside the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided.

List A

List B

(i) An agricultural system that involves the movement of farmers from one place to another. (ii) A form of animal husbandry in which livestock are kept in one location. (iii) The practice of keeping livestock alongside crop cultivation. (iv) An irrigation system used by ancient Egyptians consisting of a pole with a weight on one side and a bucket on the other. (v) The use of channels or pipes to supply water to a piece of land so that crops can grow. (vi) The practice of planting different types of crops on the same piece of land seasonally.

A. Agroforestry B. Crop rotation C. Shifting cultivation D. Mixed farming E. Shadoof F. Irrigation G. Intercropping H. Sedentary pastoralism I. Nomadic pastoralism

SECTION B (54 Marks)

3.

The following are the names of African rulers during the pre-colonial period: Kabaka Mutesa, Mansa Musa, Askia Mohamed, Shaka Zulu, Mtemi Mirambo, Zwangendaba.
(a) (i) Identify the rulers belonging to East Africa.
   (ii) Identify the rulers belonging to West Africa.
   (iii) Identify the rulers belonging to South Africa.
(b) Which roles are played by Morans in the Maasai society? Give three points.

4.

Arrange the following statements in a chronological order by writing number 1 to 6 beside the item number in the answer booklet(s) provided.
(i) Portuguese sailors started voyages of discoveries during mercantilism.
(ii) Scramble for and partition of Africa led to the colonization of Africa.
(iii) New states were established in Africa based on geographical boundaries that were established after the partition.
(iv) Neo-colonialism is still undermining the economic development in Africa.
(v) Before 1800 AD, Africa and its interior had not been explored by the European explorers.
(vi) By the last quarter of the 19th century, the scramble had intensified as each imperialist power tried to grab part of Africa.

5.

Briefly explain three reasons which enabled Tanganyika to achieve her independence earlier than Kenya.

6.

Why did the people of Southern Tanganyika decide to fight against the Germans from 1905 to 1907? Briefly give three points.

7.

"Internal factors promoted African nationalism." In three points, briefly justify this statement.

8.

Briefly explain three ways through which slaves were obtained during the slave trade period.

SECTION C (30 Marks)

Answer two (2) questions from this section.

9.

Why were Africans defeated by the colonialists during the establishment of colonial rule? Explain by giving six points.

10.

"Africa was seriously affected by the Great Economic Depression that occurred between 1929 and 1933." Justify this statement by giving six points.

11.

By giving six points, explain the challenges facing the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

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